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癌症是多种因素长期共同作用引发的基因异常疾病。当机体受到环境中的化学、物理、病毒等致癌物质的影响，和/或因自身遗传、内分泌、性别、年龄等因素的作用时，可发生一系列基因异常改变，形成恶性肿瘤。
The results of All those genetic variations to the biology of your mobile, both equally in making the defining Attributes of a most cancers mobile and in facilitating additional genetic events that result in more progression of the cancer.
天生的基因突变。您天生可能就有继承自父母的基因突变。这种突变占癌症的一小部分。
另類醫學的治療方式包含許多種類的系統或療法，此類治療以現代醫學標準的觀點來看，通常不被認為是有效及安全的。但是醫師仍然可以利用這樣的治療方法來「補充」標準治療所不能提供的，例如身體的舒適或是心靈上的平靜，重燃起患者對治療癌症的希望。
免疫系统对癌症的异常反应。在某些情况下，身体的免疫系统可能通过攻击健康细胞来对癌症作出反应。这些非常罕见的反应称为副肿瘤综合征，会导致各种体征和症状，如行走困难和癫痫发作。
姑息性手术：无法将原发灶或转移灶切尽，或因患者急性症状严重，必须先手术缓解，之后再争取根治手术。
Epigenetic alterations happen often in cancers. For example, 1 examine mentioned protein coding genes that were frequently altered within their methylation in Affiliation with colon most cancers.
有癌症家族史、癌症相关疾病者应定期入院检查，以发现早期病变；如发现局部肿块时，应尽早就医明确病变性质并给予治疗；已明确患有癌症者，在突发出血、剧烈疼痛、呼吸困难等症状时，应紧急入院救治，以免危急生命。
Complementary and different cancer treatment plans are a various group of therapies, methods and products that are certainly not Portion of typical drugs.[202] "Complementary drugs" refers to strategies and substances made use of in conjunction with standard medicine, although "alternate 癌症 drugs" refers to compounds used rather than regular drugs.[203] Most complementary and alternate medicines for cancer haven't been analyzed or analyzed employing typical procedures like clinical trials.
Elective abortions aren't essential and, for the most typical sorts and levels of most cancers, usually do not Enhance the mom's survival.
Disruption of a single gene can also outcome from integration of genomic materials from the DNA virus or retrovirus, bringing about the expression of viral oncogenes within the afflicted cell and its descendants.
某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌，減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。
术前要综合评估恶性肿瘤侵及层次、范围以确定手术方式及切除范围，应尽可能争取将肿物完全切除，减少转移的可能，术后标本应送病理明确肿瘤类型、分期、有无转移等信息，以指导术后治疗。